Tariffs, sanctions, export controls and supply-chain leverage are now central tools of statecraft. This section tracks how governments use economic power, what official data show, and what the evidence says about results.
Investigations · Data · Explainers
How governments use tariffs, sanctions, export controls, subsidies, energy supplies, critical minerals and market access to pursue strategic goals, and what the evidence says about whether it works.
Featured investigations
Trade & tariffsUS Tariffs After the IEEPA Ruling: How the Duties Were RebuiltU.S. tariffs after the IEEPA ruling look different in law but similar in scale. When the Supreme Court struck down the emergency tariffs on Feb. 20, 2026, the administration moved its duties onto three…
Tech & export controlsChina’s Critical-Mineral Export Controls: Leverage and Its LimitsChina's critical-mineral export controls have become Beijing's most direct form of economic leverage over the United States and its allies. Since 2023 China's commerce ministry, MOFCOM, has put gallium, germanium, graphite, antimony, tungsten and…
Tech & export controlsUS Chip Export Controls on China: The H200 Reversal ExplainedU.S. semiconductor export controls on China changed direction in 2026. After three years of tightening, the Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) on Jan. 15 opened a path to license Nvidia's H200…
SanctionsRussian Oil Price Cap at $44.10: Does It Still Bite?The Russian oil price cap now sits at $44.10 a barrel, its lowest level since the G7 and European Union introduced it in December 2022, and the EU has frozen it there until July…
Key numbers
Data as of Oct. 22, 2026. Full definitions, units and sources are on the data dashboard.
Sections
Latest developments
Trade & tariffsCanada-U.S. Tariffs in Fall 2026: What Canadian Businesses and New England FaceCanada-U.S. tariffs, explained: the 10%, 25% and 50% U.S. duties, the Sept. 29 import bans, Canada's counter-tariffs and what's at stake for…
Industrial policyAI Chip Production in 2026: Record Demand, Tight Supply and a Map of New U.S. Chip PlantsAI chip production is at a record but supply is tight. Map 11 new U.S. chip plants with costs, CHIPS Act awards,…
Industrial policyJapan to Fund Up to $21 Billion for Two GlobalFoundries Chip Fabs in New YorkJapan will finance up to $21 billion for two GlobalFoundries fabs in Malta, N.Y., the first chip project under its $550 billion…
Energy & commoditiesStrait of Hormuz Insurance Rates Explained: What War-Risk Cover Costs in 2026Hormuz war-risk premiums rose from about 0.25% of a ship's value before the Iran war to 6% to 10% in October. How…
Industrial policyTaiwan Plans $4 Billion Texas Park for AI Chip SuppliersTaiwan plans a Texas AI industrial park costing up to $4 billion for TSMC and Foxconn suppliers, a day after TSMC posted…
SanctionsTrump Waives Graham Act Russia Sanctions Before DeadlineTrump's Oct. 16 order paused the Graham Act's tariffs and most sanctions on Russia and its oil buyers. Here is what changed…
Trade & tariffsU.S. Economic Policy Explained: Tariffs, $2 Trillion Deficit and a Cooling Job MarketU.S. economic policy in Oct. 2026: tariffs after the IEEPA ruling, a $2.0 trillion deficit, funding to Dec. 11, September jobs and…
Energy & commoditiesRussia Diesel Deal Equals About 10 Days of U.S. Demand, Analysts SayThe Russia diesel deal adds 4.8M tons, about 10 days of U.S. demand. Goldman sees $1-$2/bbl relief; New England diesel sits at…
SanctionsTrump Russia Diesel Deal Opens a New Rift With Europe Over UkraineTrump's diesel deal with Putin schedules 300k–1M tonnes through December under a sanctions pause to April 2027, deepening a U.S.–Europe rift as…
Timeline: key measures since 2022
Major tariff, sanctions, export-control and critical-mineral measures, newest first. Use the buttons to filter by instrument.
- Scheduled
U.S.-China arrangement on tariffs and export-control suspensions due to expire, as extended in September. Tariffs · Export controls (China Prospect)
- Scheduled
EU ban on Russian LNG under long-term contracts scheduled to start. Sanctions · Energy (European Commission)
- Scheduled
Suspension of China's U.S.-specific gallium, germanium and antimony ban due to end unless extended. Export controls · Critical minerals (China Prospect)
- Scheduled
BIS Affiliates Rule (50% ownership rule) set to return unless BIS publishes a further suspension. Export controls (Federal Register)
U.S. waives tariffs and most sanctions in the Graham Act on buyers of Russian oil. Sanctions · Energy (The Boston Report)
EU adds about 1,569 listings tied to Russia's military industry. Sanctions (The Boston Report)
OFAC General License 135 authorizes imports of Russian-origin diesel for 180 days. Sanctions · Energy (The Boston Report)
Court of International Trade certifies a class of importers seeking IEEPA refunds. Tariffs (Troutman Pepper Locke)
U.S. import bans on some Canadian alcohol, dairy and motorcycle products take effect. Tariffs (The Boston Report)
China's commerce ministry says the U.S.-China arrangement is extended to Jan. 10, 2027. Tariffs · Export controls (China Prospect)
Section 301 forced-labor tariffs of 10% or 12.5% start on goods from 60 economies as the Section 122 surcharge expires. Tariffs (USTR; Federal Register)
EU 21st package freezes the Russian crude price cap at $44.10 until July 2027. Sanctions · Energy (European Commission)
Court of International Trade rules the Section 122 surcharge unlawful; judgment later stayed on appeal. Tariffs (Troutman Pepper Locke)
EU ban on Russian LNG under short-term contracts takes effect. Sanctions · Energy (CREA)
10% global Section 122 surcharge begins, for a maximum of 150 days. Tariffs (Troutman Pepper Locke)
Supreme Court holds the IEEPA tariffs unlawful. Tariffs (Congressional Research Service; Troutman Pepper Locke)
EU price cap on Russian crude falls to $44.10 a barrel. Sanctions · Energy (European Commission)
EU ban on oil products refined from Russian crude takes effect. Sanctions · Energy (CREA)
BIS moves Nvidia H200-class chip exports to China to case-by-case review, with conditions. Export controls (Federal Register)
BIS suspends the Affiliates Rule for one year; China suspends its October 2025 export-control expansion. Export controls · Critical minerals (Federal Register; China Prospect)
U.S. Treasury sanctions Rosneft and Lukoil, following the UK on Oct. 15. Sanctions · Energy (Brookings)
China expands rare-earth controls to foreign-made goods and rare-earth technology. Export controls · Critical minerals (China Prospect)
BIS publishes the Affiliates Rule extending Entity List limits to firms 50% owned by listed parties. Export controls (Federal Register)
EU price cap on Russian crude drops from $60 to $47.60 under a new dynamic mechanism. Sanctions · Energy (European Commission)
China requires licenses for seven medium and heavy rare earths. Export controls · Critical minerals (China Prospect)
China adds tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum and indium items to export licensing. Export controls · Critical minerals (China Prospect)
IEEPA tariffs begin in February 2025, later extended to goods from nearly every country. Tariffs (Troutman Pepper Locke)
China bans dual-use exports to U.S. military end users and sets a U.S.-specific ban on gallium, germanium and antimony. Export controls · Critical minerals (China Prospect; U.S. Geological Survey)
U.S. license requirement for advanced computing items for entities headquartered in China or Macau takes effect. Export controls (BIS)
G7 and EU price cap of $60 a barrel on seaborne Russian crude takes effect. Sanctions · Energy (European Commission)
Related trackers
- Trump presidency tracker (tariff and trade actions)
- Military deployments tracker
- Iran war tracker
- Ukraine war stats
- Economics hub
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