Coverage of U.S. tariffs, retaliation and trade negotiations, with Treasury customs collections and Census trade balances.
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Tariffs: customs duties collected and refunded
Monthly U.S. customs duties, in billions of dollars. Gross is what was collected, refunds is what was paid back to importers, and net is the difference. Refunds jumped after the Supreme Court held the IEEPA tariffs unlawful on Feb. 20, 2026. Verified fact
Show the last 12 months as a table
| Month | Gross ($B) | Refunds ($B) | Net ($B) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sep. 2026 | $25.27 | $19.36 | $5.91 |
| Aug. 2026 | $23.38 | $10.54 | $12.84 |
| July 2026 | $24.83 | $33.38 | $-8.55 |
| June 2026 | $23.63 | $49.18 | $-25.56 |
| May 2026 | $21.93 | $21.97 | $-0.04 |
| Apr. 2026 | $23.88 | $1.75 | $22.12 |
| Mar. 2026 | $24.02 | $1.86 | $22.15 |
| Feb. 2026 | $27.17 | $0.58 | $26.59 |
| Jan. 2026 | $29.55 | $1.80 | $27.74 |
| Dec. 2025 | $29.33 | $1.44 | $27.89 |
| Nov. 2025 | $31.73 | $0.98 | $30.76 |
| Oct. 2025 | $33.09 | $1.74 | $31.35 |
Source: U.S. Treasury. Data as of: Sept. 30, 2026 statement.
U.S. tariff actions in effect
Tariff actions in effect as of Sept. 30, 2026, as compiled by the Congressional Research Service from Federal Register notices. Rates are statutory rates, not what importers actually paid. Verified fact
| Legal authority | Product or partner | Rate | Timing | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section 301 | Forced labor: 60 economies | 10% or 12.5% on most goods; some partners net of MFN; USMCA-compliant goods exempt | Since July 24, 2026 | Federal Register; Congressional Research Service |
| Section 301 | Brazil's trade practices | 25%, with annex exemptions | July 2026 | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Steel and aluminum | 10% to 50% (varies by product and country) | June 2025 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Copper (semi-finished and derivatives) | 10% to 50% | Aug. 2025 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Autos and parts | 15% to 25%; some USMCA exceptions | April 2025 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Trucks, truck parts, buses | 25% trucks and parts; 10% buses | Oct. 2025 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Patented pharmaceuticals and ingredients | 10% to 100% (varies by country) | April 2026 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Certain semiconductors and derivatives | 25% | Jan. 2026 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Timber, lumber and derivatives | 10% to 25%; increase scheduled Jan. 1, 2027 | Oct. 2025 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Polysilicon and derivatives | 10% to 15% plus minimum import prices | Effective Dec. 4, 2026 | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Drones (unmanned aircraft) and components | 10% to 100% by weight class; components from Feb. 9, 2027 | Aug. 2026 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Processed critical minerals | No tariff; President directed negotiations | Jan. 2026 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 338 | Canada: motor vehicles, alcohol, dairy | 50% on select goods, no USMCA exemption, plus import bans on some products | July to Sept. 2026 | Congressional Research Service; The Boston Report |
| IEEPA | De minimis duty-free treatment | Suspended globally | April 2026 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| IEEPA (struck down) | Country tariffs from 2025 | Held unlawful by the Supreme Court on Feb. 20, 2026; refunds under way | Feb. 2025 to Feb. 2026 | Congressional Research Service; Troutman Pepper Locke; U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
| Section 122 (expired) | Global surcharge | 10%; ran Feb. 24 to July 24, 2026; ruled unlawful by the CIT, judgment stayed on appeal | Expired July 24, 2026 | Troutman Pepper Locke |
Estimate The Budget Lab at Yale estimates the average statutory tariff rate at 11.0% as of Aug. 24, 2026, and Forecast projects 11.8% by the end of 2026 under current law (The Budget Lab at Yale).
Bilateral trade: U.S. goods trade by partner
Annual U.S. goods exports and imports with each partner, in billions of dollars, 2015 to 2025, from Census Bureau data (nominal, not seasonally adjusted). Pick a partner to redraw the chart. Verified fact
January to August 2026 vs. the same months of 2025
| Partner | U.S. exports ($B) | Change | U.S. imports ($B) | Change | Balance ($B) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | $73.9 | +0.7% | $183.5 | -16.3% | $-109.6 |
| Canada | $236.0 | +4.0% | $269.6 | +4.2% | $-33.7 |
| Mexico | $263.5 | +16.6% | $419.3 | +18.3% | $-155.9 |
| European Union | $304.9 | +12.3% | $368.3 | -15.9% | $-63.4 |
| Japan | $66.7 | +23.5% | $96.5 | -2.8% | $-29.8 |
| Germany | $57.9 | +6.0% | $100.6 | -2.6% | $-42.7 |
| Taiwan | $39.3 | +11.3% | $186.9 | +56.8% | $-147.7 |
| South Korea | $55.0 | +21.4% | $110.1 | +28.2% | $-55.1 |
| India | $34.6 | +18.2% | $68.0 | -7.2% | $-33.5 |
| Vietnam | $12.2 | +25.9% | $176.1 | +43.5% | $-163.9 |
| Russia | $0.4 | +4.8% | $2.2 | -27.1% | $-1.8 |
Changes in trade flows coincide with tariff changes but also with demand, prices, exchange rates and supply-chain shifts such as AI server imports. This table shows correlation, not causation.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Data as of: August 2026 release.
Timeline
- Scheduled
U.S.-China arrangement on tariffs and export-control suspensions due to expire, as extended in September. Tariffs · Export controls (China Prospect)
Court of International Trade certifies a class of importers seeking IEEPA refunds. Tariffs (Troutman Pepper Locke)
U.S. import bans on some Canadian alcohol, dairy and motorcycle products take effect. Tariffs (The Boston Report)
China's commerce ministry says the U.S.-China arrangement is extended to Jan. 10, 2027. Tariffs · Export controls (China Prospect)
Section 301 forced-labor tariffs of 10% or 12.5% start on goods from 60 economies as the Section 122 surcharge expires. Tariffs (USTR; Federal Register)
Court of International Trade rules the Section 122 surcharge unlawful; judgment later stayed on appeal. Tariffs (Troutman Pepper Locke)
10% global Section 122 surcharge begins, for a maximum of 150 days. Tariffs (Troutman Pepper Locke)
Supreme Court holds the IEEPA tariffs unlawful. Tariffs (Congressional Research Service; Troutman Pepper Locke)
IEEPA tariffs begin in February 2025, later extended to goods from nearly every country. Tariffs (Troutman Pepper Locke)
Related coverage and trackers
- Trump presidency tracker: tariff and trade actions
- Canada-U.S. tariffs in fall 2026
- US-China 30-for-30 tariff deal explained
- Economics hub
Search all Trade & tariffs reporting in the archive → · Open the data dashboard
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