Official data on tariffs, trade, sanctions, export controls, energy prices and mineral dependence, with sources, dates and methodology.
Data Updated Oct. 22, 2026. Every figure carries its source and the date of the data. Download everything as JSON.
Data as of Oct. 22, 2026. Full definitions, units and sources are on the data dashboard.
Tariffs: customs duties collected and refunded
Monthly U.S. customs duties, in billions of dollars. Gross is what was collected, refunds is what was paid back to importers, and net is the difference. Refunds jumped after the Supreme Court held the IEEPA tariffs unlawful on Feb. 20, 2026. Verified fact
Show the last 12 months as a table
| Month | Gross ($B) | Refunds ($B) | Net ($B) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sep. 2026 | $25.27 | $19.36 | $5.91 |
| Aug. 2026 | $23.38 | $10.54 | $12.84 |
| July 2026 | $24.83 | $33.38 | $-8.55 |
| June 2026 | $23.63 | $49.18 | $-25.56 |
| May 2026 | $21.93 | $21.97 | $-0.04 |
| Apr. 2026 | $23.88 | $1.75 | $22.12 |
| Mar. 2026 | $24.02 | $1.86 | $22.15 |
| Feb. 2026 | $27.17 | $0.58 | $26.59 |
| Jan. 2026 | $29.55 | $1.80 | $27.74 |
| Dec. 2025 | $29.33 | $1.44 | $27.89 |
| Nov. 2025 | $31.73 | $0.98 | $30.76 |
| Oct. 2025 | $33.09 | $1.74 | $31.35 |
Source: U.S. Treasury. Data as of: Sept. 30, 2026 statement.
U.S. tariff actions in effect
Tariff actions in effect as of Sept. 30, 2026, as compiled by the Congressional Research Service from Federal Register notices. Rates are statutory rates, not what importers actually paid. Verified fact
| Legal authority | Product or partner | Rate | Timing | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section 301 | Forced labor: 60 economies | 10% or 12.5% on most goods; some partners net of MFN; USMCA-compliant goods exempt | Since July 24, 2026 | Federal Register; Congressional Research Service |
| Section 301 | Brazil's trade practices | 25%, with annex exemptions | July 2026 | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Steel and aluminum | 10% to 50% (varies by product and country) | June 2025 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Copper (semi-finished and derivatives) | 10% to 50% | Aug. 2025 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Autos and parts | 15% to 25%; some USMCA exceptions | April 2025 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Trucks, truck parts, buses | 25% trucks and parts; 10% buses | Oct. 2025 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Patented pharmaceuticals and ingredients | 10% to 100% (varies by country) | April 2026 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Certain semiconductors and derivatives | 25% | Jan. 2026 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Timber, lumber and derivatives | 10% to 25%; increase scheduled Jan. 1, 2027 | Oct. 2025 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Polysilicon and derivatives | 10% to 15% plus minimum import prices | Effective Dec. 4, 2026 | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Drones (unmanned aircraft) and components | 10% to 100% by weight class; components from Feb. 9, 2027 | Aug. 2026 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 232 | Processed critical minerals | No tariff; President directed negotiations | Jan. 2026 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| Section 338 | Canada: motor vehicles, alcohol, dairy | 50% on select goods, no USMCA exemption, plus import bans on some products | July to Sept. 2026 | Congressional Research Service; The Boston Report |
| IEEPA | De minimis duty-free treatment | Suspended globally | April 2026 notice | Congressional Research Service |
| IEEPA (struck down) | Country tariffs from 2025 | Held unlawful by the Supreme Court on Feb. 20, 2026; refunds under way | Feb. 2025 to Feb. 2026 | Congressional Research Service; Troutman Pepper Locke; U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
| Section 122 (expired) | Global surcharge | 10%; ran Feb. 24 to July 24, 2026; ruled unlawful by the CIT, judgment stayed on appeal | Expired July 24, 2026 | Troutman Pepper Locke |
Estimate The Budget Lab at Yale estimates the average statutory tariff rate at 11.0% as of Aug. 24, 2026, and Forecast projects 11.8% by the end of 2026 under current law (The Budget Lab at Yale).
Bilateral trade: U.S. goods trade by partner
Annual U.S. goods exports and imports with each partner, in billions of dollars, 2015 to 2025, from Census Bureau data (nominal, not seasonally adjusted). Pick a partner to redraw the chart. Verified fact
January to August 2026 vs. the same months of 2025
| Partner | U.S. exports ($B) | Change | U.S. imports ($B) | Change | Balance ($B) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | $73.9 | +0.7% | $183.5 | -16.3% | $-109.6 |
| Canada | $236.0 | +4.0% | $269.6 | +4.2% | $-33.7 |
| Mexico | $263.5 | +16.6% | $419.3 | +18.3% | $-155.9 |
| European Union | $304.9 | +12.3% | $368.3 | -15.9% | $-63.4 |
| Japan | $66.7 | +23.5% | $96.5 | -2.8% | $-29.8 |
| Germany | $57.9 | +6.0% | $100.6 | -2.6% | $-42.7 |
| Taiwan | $39.3 | +11.3% | $186.9 | +56.8% | $-147.7 |
| South Korea | $55.0 | +21.4% | $110.1 | +28.2% | $-55.1 |
| India | $34.6 | +18.2% | $68.0 | -7.2% | $-33.5 |
| Vietnam | $12.2 | +25.9% | $176.1 | +43.5% | $-163.9 |
| Russia | $0.4 | +4.8% | $2.2 | -27.1% | $-1.8 |
Changes in trade flows coincide with tariff changes but also with demand, prices, exchange rates and supply-chain shifts such as AI server imports. This table shows correlation, not causation.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Data as of: August 2026 release.
Import dependence: U.S. net import reliance on critical minerals
Net import reliance is imports minus exports, adjusted for stock changes, as a share of apparent U.S. consumption in 2025. Where USGS reports "greater than" a value, we show that floor (for example 50 for tungsten, germanium and lithium). Verified fact
- Gallium100%Main sources 2021-24: Canada, Japan, China, Germany
- Graphite (natural)100%Main sources 2021-24: China, Canada, Mozambique, Mexico
- Antimony (metal and oxide)91%Main sources 2021-24: China, Belgium, Thailand, India
- Rare earths (compounds and metals)67%Main sources 2021-24: China, Malaysia, Estonia, Japan
- Tungsten50%Main sources 2021-24: China, Germany, Bolivia, Vietnam
- Germanium50%Main sources 2021-24: Belgium, China, Canada, Germany
- Cobalt79%Main sources 2021-24: Norway, Finland, Canada, Japan
- Copper (refined)57%Main sources 2021-24: Chile, Canada, Peru, Mexico
- Lithium50%Main sources 2021-24: Chile, Argentina
- Nickel41%Main sources 2021-24: Canada, Norway, Australia, Brazil
Source: U.S. Geological Survey. Data as of: MCS 2026, 2025 data.
Supply-chain concentration: China's share of world production
China's share of world mine or primary production, calculated by The Boston Report from USGS country tables. Refining and magnet-making shares can be higher than mining shares and are not shown. Estimate (our calculation from official data)
- Gallium98.9%2024 primary low-purity production: China 839,000 kg of 848,000 kg world total
- Graphite (natural)77.8%2025 mine production: China 1.40 million t of 1.80 million t
- Antimony (metal and oxide)36.4%2025 mine production (estimate): China 40,000 t of 110,000 t
- Rare earths (compounds and metals)69.2%2025 mine production: China 270,000 t of 390,000 t (rare-earth-oxide equivalent)
- Tungsten78.8%2025 mine production: China 67,000 t of 85,000 t. U.S. import reliance listed as greater than 50%
Source: U.S. Geological Survey. Data as of: MCS 2026.
Commodity prices: oil and natural gas
Monthly average spot prices from the EIA: Brent and WTI crude in dollars per barrel, Henry Hub natural gas in dollars per million Btu. Use the buttons to change the range. Verified fact
Brent averaged $114.16 in September 2026, compared with $67.99 in September 2025.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration; U.S. Energy Information Administration. Data as of: September 2026 monthly average.
Export restrictions: the U.S. Entity List
The Commerce Department's Entity List names foreign parties that need a license to receive U.S. items. Counts are entries currently on the list in the Consolidated Screening List file we downloaded on Oct. 22, 2026; an entry is counted for every country in which it has a listed address, so countries overlap. Verified fact
- China1,103
- Russia1,092
- Hong Kong230
- United Arab Emirates205
- Pakistan182
- Iran109
- Turkey88
- Malaysia47
- United Kingdom44
- Singapore40
- Ukraine38
- Belarus34
- 2016196
- 201740
- 2018145
- 2019211
- 2020288
- 2021155
- 2022518
- 2023447
- 2024510
- 2025181
The year chart counts only entries still listed, so earlier years look smaller as entries are removed or revised. 153 entries carry no date. The file showed no entries dated after Oct. 9, 2025.
Source: International Trade Administration. Data as of: Oct. 22, 2026.
China's export controls on critical minerals
China's commerce ministry (MOFCOM) issues each control as a numbered announcement. Status as summarized from MOFCOM texts by China Prospect, read on Oct. 22, 2026. Verified fact
| Measure | Type | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Gallium, germanium, antimony, graphite, superhard materials | License required for every destination (Dual-Use Items Export Control List, No. 51 of 2024) | In force (controls since 2023-2024) |
| Ban on dual-use exports to U.S. military end users (No. 46 of 2024, clause 1) | Ban | In force since Dec. 3, 2024 |
| U.S.-specific presumption of denial for gallium, germanium, antimony, superhard materials (No. 46 of 2024, clause 2) | Export ban to the U.S. | Suspended until Nov. 27, 2026 (No. 72 of 2025) |
| Tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum, indium (No. 10 of 2025) | Licensing | In force since Feb. 4, 2025 |
| Seven medium and heavy rare earths incl. dysprosium and terbium (No. 18 of 2025) | Licensing, with end-use review | In force since April 4, 2025; never suspended |
| Five more rare earths, rare-earth equipment, battery materials, superhard materials (Nos. 55-58 of 2025) | Licensing | Suspended until Nov. 10, 2026 (No. 70); politically extended to Jan. 10, 2027 but no legal notice as of mid-October |
| Foreign-made goods with 0.1%+ Chinese rare-earth content; rare-earth technology (Nos. 61-62 of 2025) | Extraterritorial licensing | Suspended until Nov. 10, 2026 (No. 70) |
Source: China Prospect. Data as of: Oct. 2026.
Sanctions: OFAC designations and the Russian oil price cap
Entries on the Treasury Department's Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list, grouped by sanctions program family. One entry can sit in several programs, so groups overlap and do not sum to the total of 19,471. Verified fact
- Russia6,640
- Iran4,070
- Counter-terrorism (SDGT)3,360
- Narcotics (SDNTK, EO 14059)2,126
- WMD proliferation (NPWMD)1,205
- North Korea541
- Venezuela405
- Belarus253
- Entity10,042
- Individual7,519
- Vessel1,568
- Aircraft342
Source: International Trade Administration. Data as of: Oct. 22, 2026.
EU price cap on seaborne Russian crude
| From | To | Cap per barrel | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dec. 5, 2022 | Sept. 2, 2025 | $60.00 | Original G7/EU cap on seaborne Russian crude |
| Sept. 3, 2025 | Jan. 31, 2026 | $47.60 | EU 18th package; dynamic mechanism set at average market price minus 15% |
| Feb. 1, 2026 | Frozen until July 2027 | $44.10 | EU 21st package (July 23, 2026) paused the scheduled review |
Caps on refined products are unchanged at $100 a barrel for premium-to-crude products such as diesel and $45 for discount-to-crude products such as fuel oil. Estimate CREA estimates Urals averaged $69.9 a barrel in August 2026, above the cap (CREA).
Source: European Commission. Data as of: Aug. 24, 2026 guidance.
Measurable outcomes
Indicators that show what these measures have and have not changed. Each row is labeled by the kind of evidence it is.
| Indicator | Value | Evidence | As of | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. net customs duties, fiscal 2026 (Oct. 2025 to Sept. 2026) | $173.2 billion, down from $194.9 billion in fiscal 2025; gross receipts $317.8 billion minus $144.6 billion refunded | Verified fact | Sept. 2026 | U.S. Treasury |
| U.S. goods imports from China, Jan. to Aug. 2026 | $183.5 billion, down 16.3% from $219.3 billion a year earlier; U.S. exports to China about flat at $73.9 billion | Verified fact | Aug. 2026 | U.S. Census Bureau |
| Statutory U.S. average tariff rate | 11.0% on Aug. 24, 2026; projected 11.8% by year-end under current law | Estimate | Aug. 24, 2026 | The Budget Lab at Yale |
| Russia federal oil and gas revenue, Jan. to Sept. 2026 | 5.471 trillion rubles, down 17.2% year on year; the ministry cited a stronger ruble and higher refinery compensation payments | Official claim | Oct. 9, 2026 | Interfax |
| Urals crude price vs. the $44.10 cap | $69.9 a barrel average in August 2026, above the cap | Estimate | Aug. 2026 | CREA |
| Share of Russian seaborne oil on sanctioned 'shadow' tankers | 52% in August 2026 | Estimate | Aug. 2026 | CREA |
| Nvidia share of China's data-center AI chip market | 34% in the first half of 2026; Huawei 28% | Estimate | H1 2026 | Reuters via Yahoo Finance |
Not yet tracked
We have not yet added datasets for industrial subsidies (for example CHIPS Act awards and foreign subsidy programs), foreign direct investment (BEA and investment-screening data), WTO tariff profiles or USITC product-level tariff data. We will add them only when we can load them from the official source with dates and definitions, rather than show partial or estimated figures.
Methodology and definitions
- Customs duties
- Treasury Monthly Treasury Statement, Table 4, line "Customs Duties": gross receipts, refunds and net receipts for each month, in nominal dollars. The federal fiscal year runs October to September.
- Bilateral trade
- Census Bureau goods trade by country, in millions of nominal dollars, not seasonally adjusted, shown here in billions. Exports are U.S. exports to the partner; imports are general imports from it. The European Union is the EU as defined by Census for each year. Services are not included.
- Net import reliance
- USGS definition: imports minus exports plus adjustments for government and industry stock changes, as a percentage of apparent consumption, for 2025. Values reported as "greater than" are shown at their floor.
- China production share
- Our calculation: China's production divided by the USGS rounded world total for the same year (2025, or 2024 for gallium because the 2025 figure is not clearly legible in the published table). Germanium is omitted because USGS does not publish a reliable world total.
- Commodity prices
- EIA monthly averages of daily spot prices: Brent (Europe) and WTI (Cushing, Oklahoma) crude in U.S. dollars per barrel; Henry Hub natural gas in dollars per million Btu.
- Entity List and SDN counts
- Counts of entries in the International Trade Administration's Consolidated Screening List file on the download date. An entry can be a company, person, vessel or aircraft. SDN program families group OFAC program tags (for example all RUSSIA-EO14024 and UKRAINE-EO1366x tags under Russia); one entry can belong to several families.
- Evidence labels
- Verified fact means we checked it in an official record or dataset. Official claim is a government statement we have not independently confirmed. Expert interpretation is a named analyst's view. Estimate is a modeled or calculated figure. Forecast is a projection.
- What we do not do
- We do not fill gaps with estimates presented as facts, and we do not infer that a policy caused a change in trade or prices from timing alone.
Sources
- U.S. Census Bureau, Trade in Goods by Country (data through August 2026)
- U.S. Energy Information Administration, spot prices for crude oil (monthly)
- U.S. Energy Information Administration, Henry Hub natural gas spot price (monthly)
- U.S. Treasury, Monthly Treasury Statement Table 4: customs duties (Fiscal Data)
- International Trade Administration, Consolidated Screening List (downloaded Oct. 22, 2026)
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (version 1.3, May 2026)
- Congressional Research Service, Active Presidential Tariff Actions in 2026: Fact Sheet (Oct. 8, 2026)
- The Budget Lab at Yale, The State of U.S. Tariffs (Aug. 24, 2026)
- USTR, action in forced labor Section 301 investigations (July 23, 2026)
- Federal Register, notice of actions in 60 Section 301 forced-labor investigations (July 28, 2026)
- Troutman Pepper Locke, where duty recovery stands under IEEPA, Section 122 and Section 301 (Oct. 12, 2026)
- U.S. Customs and Border Protection, IEEPA duty refunds
- European Commission, oil price cap guidance (updated Aug. 24, 2026)
- European Commission, EU sanctions on Russian energy
- CREA, monthly analysis of Russian fossil fuel exports, August 2026
- Brookings, Stiffening European sanctions against the Russian oil trade
- Interfax, Russia's budget deficit in January-September 2026 (Oct. 9, 2026)
- Federal Register, BIS revision to license review policy for advanced computing commodities (Jan. 15, 2026)
- Federal Register, one-year suspension of the BIS Affiliates Rule (Nov. 12, 2025)
- BIS, guidance on advanced computing items for entities headquartered in Country Group D:5 and Macau (May 31, 2026)
- Reuters via Yahoo Finance, Nvidia's China AI-chip share falls as Huawei closes gap, IDC report (Oct. 12, 2026)
- China Prospect, China's export controls on rare earths and battery materials (read Oct. 22, 2026)
- The Boston Report, Canada-U.S. tariffs in fall 2026
- The Boston Report, US-Russia diesel deal
- The Boston Report, EU Russia sanctions package adds 1,569 listings
- The Boston Report, Trump waives Graham Act Russia sanctions
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